The Ecosystems of Nepal Are at Risk From Wildfires
Spring in Nepal is marked by peak wildfires, with 960 incidents in 2025. The escalating climate crisis, fueled by a hot, dry winter and decreasing precipitation, intensifies the precarious situation and contributes to environmental deterioration. Nepal’s forests, covering 44.74% of its land, are vulnerable to climate change effects. The population heavily relies on wood for daily necessities and fuel. Only protected areas cover 23.39% of the total land area, preserving biodiversity and diverse ecological regions. Lowlands in Nepal consist of tropical deciduous riverine, evergreen, and sal forests. Despite human activities, wildlife is more endangered than mid-hills or mountains, with some protected species. The mid-hills of Nepal have a diverse array of species, including angiosperms, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, birds, animals, reptiles, and butterflies.
The Himalayan region is rich in indigenous species, making up one-third of Nepal’s forest cover. Nepal has experienced numerous fires, causing the extinction of rare species and degrading the forest ecosystem. These fires have destroyed over 70,000 locations, causing air pollution and affecting humans. The destruction of these ecosystems is crucial for the country’s economy and biodiversity. The hierarchy of disaster protection prioritizes humans, infrastructure, and biodiversity. Nepal faces challenges in addressing climate crisis, with limited scientific data and collective efforts. Addressing climate change and protecting biodiversity is crucial for Nepal’s vulnerability.
